Fission track and U–Pb zircon ages of psammitic rocks from the Harushinai unit,Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks,central Hokkaido,Japan: constraints on metamorphic histories          下载免费PDF全文

Ayumi S. Okamoto  Toru Takeshita  Hideki Iwano  Tohru Danhara  Takafumi Hirata  Hirotsugu Nishido  Shuhei Sakata 《Island Arc》2015,24(4):379-403

Accurate pressure–temperature–time (P–T–t) paths of rocks from sedimentation through maximum burial to exhumation are needed to determine the processes and mechanisms that form high‐pressure and low‐temperature type metamorphic rocks. Here, we present a new method combining laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA–ICP–MS) U–Pb with fission track (FT) dates for detrital zircons from two psammitic rock samples collected from the Harushinai unit of the Kamuikotan metamorphic rocks. The concordant zircon U–Pb ages for these samples vary markedly, from 1980 to 95 Ma, with the youngest age clusters in both samples yielding Albian‐Cenomanian weighted mean ages of 100.8 ± 1.1 and 99.3 ± 1.0 Ma (2σ uncertainties). The zircon U–Pb ages were not reset by high‐P/T type metamorphism, because there is no indication of overgrowth within the zircons with igneous oscillatory zoning. Therefore, these weighted mean ages are indicative of the maximum age of deposition of protolithic material. By comparison, the zircon FT data yield a pooled age of ca. 90 Ma, which is almost the same as the weighted mean age of the youngest U–Pb age cluster. This indicates that the zircon FT ages were reset at ca. 90 Ma while still at their source, but have not been reset since. This conclusion is supported by recorded temperature conditions of less than about 300 °C (the closure temperature of zircon FTs), as estimated from microstructures in the deformed detrital quartz grains in psammitic rocks, and no shortening of fission track lengths in the zircon. Combining these new data with previously reported white mica K–Ar ages indicates that the Harushinai unit was deposited after ca. 100 Ma, and underwent burial to its maximum depth before being subjected to a localized thermal overprint during exhumation at ca. 58 Ma.  相似文献   

Abrupt Late Holocene uplifts of the southern Izu Peninsula,central Japan: Evidence from emerged marine sessile assemblages     

Akihisa Kitamura  Masato Koyama  Koji Itasaka  Yosuke Miyairi  Hideki Mori 《Island Arc》2014,23(1):51-61

Evidence for abrupt coastal uplifts has been found in emerged sessile assemblages in a sea cave at the southern end of the Izu Peninsula, central Japan. We identified five sessile assemblage zones: Zones I to V, in ascending order. The uppermost zone (Zone I), located at an elevation of 2.7–3.5 m above the present‐day mean sea level (amsl), is a hard massive shellcrust consisting mainly of the barnacles Chthamalus challenger and the tube worm Pomatoleios kraussii. Zone II, at 2.35–2.7 m amsl, is dominated by well‐preserved individuals of C. challenger. Zone III, at 2.0–2.35 m amsl, is strongly eroded and consists mainly of C. challenger and P. kraussii. Zone IV, at 1.6–2.0 m amsl, is characterized by the co‐occurrence of very fresh shells of C. challenger and P. kraussii. Zone V (the lowest zone), at 1.0–1.60 m amsl, is characterized by the co‐occurrence of very fresh shells of Saccostrea kegaki and P. kraussii, and by the absence of C. challenger. Radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and the presence of modern taxa in the sessile assemblages suggest that three episodes of coastal uplift have occurred in the area, during AD 570–820, AD 1000–1270, and AD 1430–1660, with magnitudes of 0.9–2.0 m, 0.3–0.8 m, and 1.9–2.2 m, respectively.  相似文献   

High resolution OSL dating back to MIS 5e in the central Sea of Okhotsk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saiko Sugisaki  Jan-Pieter Buylaert  Andrew Murray  Sumiko Tsukamoto  Yoshifumi Nogi  Hideki Miura  Saburo Sakai  Koichi Iijima  Tatsuhiko Sakamoto 《Quaternary Geochronology》2010,5(2-3):293-298

Marine sediments contain important archives of past ocean and climate changes, but at high latitudes the absence of carbonate has prevented the construction of accurate chronological models. We have begun a study to (1) determine the accuracy of luminescence ages in deep-sea marine sediments, e.g. by comparison with marine oxygen isotope stratigraphy where possible, (2) describe changes in sedimentation rate through time, and (3) test whether it is possible to date back to marine isotope stage 5e (MIS 5e). We show here that optical dating of fine grains of quartz from the central Sea of Okhotsk is able to provide an accurate and precise chronology for the reconstruction of the palaeoceanic and palaeoclimatic environment at our site. The upper 6.5 m of the 18.42 m long core MR0604-PC07A is believed, based on its magnetic susceptibility and the oxygen isotope (δ¹⁸O) records to contain the last ～150 ka. Forty OSL samples were taken from this upper part of the core. The single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) procedure is used for equivalent dose (D_e) determination. The luminescence characteristics of fine-grained quartz (4–11 μm) extracted from the core are described. The OSL signal is dominated by the fast component and a dose recovery test shows that we can accurately measure a known dose given in the laboratory prior to any heat treatment. Dose rates were determined using high-resolution gamma spectrometry, and vary between 0.4 and 1.6 Gy/ka. The OSL ages from this section lie between ～140 ka and ～15 ka and are in very good agreement with the δ¹⁸O stratigraphy up to MIS 5e. A clear change in sedimentation rate is identified: between ～139 and 110 ka, the sedimentation rate was ～0.09 m/ka, but then from ～110 to 15 ka, the sedimentation rate decreases to a constant value of ～0.04 m/ka. Our data confirm that OSL dating using widely distributed fine-grain quartz has great potential for dating deep-sea sediments. Because luminescence methods use clastic materials, they do not depend on the presence of biogenic carbonate. As a result it is now likely that we can establish a chronology in regions of the ocean that were previously undatable.  相似文献   

Forces acting on bridge abutments over liquefied ground     

Akihiro Takahashi  Hideki Sugita  Shunsuke Tanimoto 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

Large earthquake-induced displacements of a bridge abutment can occur, when the bridge is built on a floodplain or reclaimed area, i.e., liquefiable ground, and crosses a water channel. Seismic responses of a bridge abutment on liquefiable ground are the consequence of complex interactions between the abutment and surrounding soils. Therefore identification of the factors dominating the abutment response is important for the development of simplified seismic design methods. This paper presents the results of dynamic three-dimensional finite element analyses of bridge abutments adjacent to a river dike, including the effect of liquefaction of the underlying ground using earthquake motions widely used in Japan. The analysis shows that conventional design methods may underestimate the permanent abutment displacements unless the following two items are considered: (1) softening of the soil beneath the liquefiable layer, due to cyclic shearing of the soil surrounding the piles, and (2) the forces acting on the side faces of the abutment.  相似文献   

Cyclicity of Solar Activity During the Maunder Minimum Deduced from Radiocarbon Content     

Hiroko Miyahara  Kimiaki Masuda  Yasushi Muraki  Hideki Furuzawa  Hiroaki Menjo  Toshio Nakamura 《Solar physics》2004,224(1-2):317-322

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Carbon isotopic thermometry calibrated by dolomite-calcite solvus temperatures   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hideki Wada  Kazuhiro Suzuki 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(4):697-706

The temperature dependence of carbon isotopic fractionations between calcite and graphite, and between dolomite and graphite are calibrated by the calcite-dolomite solvus geothermometry using marbles collected from the contact metamorphic aureole in the Kasuga area, central Japan. The carbon isotopic fractionations (Δ¹³C_Cc-Gr and Δ¹³C_DoGr) systematically decrease with increasing metamorphic temperature. The concordant relationships between the fractionations and solvus temperatures are approximately linear with T^?2 over the temperature range. 400° to 680°C: Δ¹³C_CcGr (%.) = 5.6 × 10⁶ × T^?2 (K) ? 2.4 Δ¹³C_DoGr (%.) = 5.9 × 10⁶ × T^?2 (K) ? 1.9 These systematic relationships between fractionation and temperature suggest that carbon isotopic equilibria between carbonates and graphite were attained in many cases. The equation for the calcite-graphite system has a slope steeper than Bottinga's (1969) results. It is, however, in good agreement with that of Valley and O'Neil (1981) in the temperature range from 600° to 800°C.Because of the relatively high sensitivity to temperature, these isotopic geothermometers are useful for determining the temperatures in moderate- to high-grade metamorphosed carbonate rocks.  相似文献   

Determination of U–Pb Ages for Young Zircons using Laser Ablation‐ICP‐Mass Spectrometry Coupled with an Ion Detection Attenuator Device     

Shuhei Sakata  Kentaro Hattori  Hideki Iwano  Takaomi D. Yokoyama  Tohru Danhara  Takafumi Hirata 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2014,38(4):409-420

We have developed new analytical procedures to measure precise and accurate ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb and ²³⁵U–²⁰⁷Pb ages for young (~ 1 Ma) zircons using laser ablation‐ICP‐mass spectrometry. For young zircons, both careful correction for the background counts and analysis of very small Pb/U ratios (i.e., ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U < 0.00016 and ²⁰⁷Pb/²³⁵U < 0.0001 for 1 Ma zircons) are highly desired. For the correction of the background, the contribution of the background signal intensities for the analytes, especially for the residual signal intensities for ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb, was defined through laser ablation of synthesised zircons (ablation blank) containing negligible Pb. The measured signal intensities for ²⁰²Hg, ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb signals obtained by the ablation blank were slightly higher than those obtained by data acquisition without laser ablation (gas blank). For the wider dynamic range measurements on Pb/U ratios, an attenuator device for the ion detection system was employed to extend the capability to monitor high‐intensity signals (i.e., > 3 Mcps). Through the attenuator device, the ion currents were reduced to 1/450 of the signal intensity without the attenuator. Because the switching time for the attenuator was shorter than 1 ms, signal intensities for only specific isotopes could be reduced. With attenuation of the ²³⁸U signal, counting statistics on ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb isotopes could be improved and counting loss on the ²³⁸U signal could be minimised. To demonstrate the reliability of this new analytical technique, ²³⁸U–²⁰⁶Pb and ²³⁵U–²⁰⁷Pb ages for three young zircon samples (collected from Osaka Group Pink Volcanic Ash, Kirigamine and Bishop Tuff) were measured. The data presented here demonstrate clearly that the present technique could become a major analytical tool for in situ U–Pb age determination of young zircons (~ 1 Ma).  相似文献   

Comparison of carbon cycle between the western Pacific subarctic and subtropical time-series stations: highlights of the K2S1 project     

Makio C. Honda  Masahide Wakita  Kazuhiko Matsumoto  Tetsuichi Fujiki  Eko Siswanto  Kosei Sasaoka  Hajime Kawakami  Yoshihisa Mino  Chiho Sukigara  Minoru Kitamura  Yoshikazu Sasai  Sherwood L. Smith  Taketo Hashioka  Chisato Yoshikawa  Katsunori Kimoto  Shuichi Watanabe  Toru Kobari  Toshi Nagata  Koji Hamasaki  Ryo Kaneko  Mario Uchimiya  Hideki Fukuda  Osamu Abe  Toshiro Saino 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):647-667

A comparative study of ecosystems and biogeochemistry at time-series stations in the subarctic gyre (K2) and subtropical region (S1) of the western North Pacific Ocean (K2S1 project) was conducted between 2010 and 2013 to collect essential data about the ecosystem and biological pump in each area and to provide a baseline of information for predicting changes in biologically mediated material cycles in the future. From seasonal chemical and biological observations, general oceanographic settings were verified and annual carbon budgets at both stations were determined. Annual mean of phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity at the oligotrophic station S1 were comparable to that at the eutrophic station K2. Based on chemical/physical observations and numerical simulations, the likely “missing nutrient source” was suggested to include regeneration, meso-scale eddy driven upwelling, meteorological events, and eolian inputs in addition to winter vertical mixing. Time-series observation of carbonate chemistry revealed that ocean acidification (OA) was ongoing at both stations, and that the rate of OA was faster at S1 than at K2 although OA at K2 is more critical for calcifying organisms.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay,northeastern Japan,after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake and tsunami     

Aiko Tachibana  Yuichiro Nishibe  Hideki Fukuda  Kyoko Kawanobe  Atsushi Tsuda 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(1):55-65

The tsunami caused by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake seriously damaged the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan. In addition to its direct disturbance, a tsunami can indirectly affect coastal pelagic ecosystems via topographical and environmental changes. We investigated seasonal changes in the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay, northeastern Japan, from May 2011, which was 2 months after the tsunami, to May 2013. The phytoplankton species composition in May 2011 was similar to that observed in May 2012 and 2013. The present results are consistent with the dominant species and water-mass indicator species of phytoplankton in past records. These results suggest that there was no serious effect of the tsunami on the phytoplankton community in Otsuchi Bay. Community analysis revealed that two distinct seasonal communities appeared in each year of the study period. The spring–summer community was characterized by warm-water Chaetoceros species, and dinoflagellates appeared from May to September. The fall–winter community was characterized by cold neritic diatoms, which appeared from November to March. The succession from the spring–summer community to the fall–winter community took place within a particular water mass, and the fall–winter community appeared in both the surface water and the Oyashio water mass, suggesting that water-mass exchange is not the only factor that determines the phytoplankton community structure in Otsuchi Bay.  相似文献   

Mineralizations of Base Metal Deposits of Acid-Sulfate Type Coexisting with Adularia-Sericite Type     

Hideki IMAI 《Resource Geology》1999,49(3):147-156

Abstract: Two types of ores are recognized in the Huanzala mine, Peru. Zinc and lead ore of adularia-sericite type, is accompanied by pyrite body and skarn. Orthoclase (adularia), sericite and calcite are found in the skarn and altered country rocks. On the other hand, copper and silver (tin) ore of acid-sulfate type, is characterized by enargite, luzonite and bornite, accompanied by tin, silver and tellurium minerals. Although sericite and calcite are found only at the earlier stage in the mineralization of acid-sulfate type, kaolinite appears in the country rocks at a subsequent stage. It is interpreted that the ore-forming fluid of the acid-sulfate type separated from the adularia-sericite type by boiling in the early stage of mineralization. The separated fluid was nearly neutral just after boiling and changed into acidic by the oxidation of H₂S into HSO₄^-. Both types of mineralizations are studied in terms of fo₂-fs₂-pH-temperature diagrams. The adularia-sericite type might correspond to the hot-water system of a geothermal area, and the acid-sulfate type to the vapor-dominated system.
The copper ores from the Teine mine, Hokkaido, Japan and the Chinkuashih mine, Taiwan are acid-sulfate type, characterized by the occurrence of enargite and luzonite. However, zinc and lead ores of the adularia-sericite type are also present in these deposits. Both types in the Teine and Chinkuashih deposits are supposed to have formed in the similar relation as in the Huanzala deposits. The enargite and luzonite ores in the Hokuetsu mine, Japan are closely associated with native sulfur of solfataric origin.  相似文献